Zomi nampi ni (4/4)

Zomi Nam Ni pen Tuunkha (February) 20 ni-in kiciamteh hi. Hih ni in muhna toi tawh hong piangkhia vat hilo-in minam leh gam itna lianpi tawh hong kipan khia ahi hi. Hih Zomi Nam Ni hong piankhiatna thu pen thuk-in zai-a, zong sang mahmah hi. Hih ni-in Zomite’ adingin suahtakna, ki-it kilemna, minam vai leh cikmah cianga a mangthang ngei nawnlo ding Zomite’ tangthu mungpi khat ahi hi.

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Zomi nampi ni (2/4)

Zomi Nam Ni pen Tuunkha (February) 20 ni-in kiciamteh hi. Hih ni in muhna toi tawh hong piangkhia vat hilo-in minam leh gam itna lianpi tawh hong kipan khia ahi hi. Hih Zomi Nam Ni hong piankhiatna thu pen thuk-in zai-a, zong sang mahmah hi. Hih ni-in Zomite’ adingin suahtakna, ki-it kilemna, minam vai leh cikmah cianga a mangthang ngei nawnlo ding Zomite’ tangthu mungpi khat ahi hi.

Zomite’ adingin Zomi Nam Ni a hong piankhiatna thu tel taka ih theihtheih nadingin hih banga a hong piankhiatna tangthu tawmbeek ih theihloh kiphamawh hi. Mikang kumpi in ni suahna lam gamte hong keeka, India ciang hong tung ta hi. India panin Kawlgam khanglam teng 1824 kumin hong la hi. 1852 kum tak ciangin Kawlgam phellang hong laaksak khin ta uh hi. 1885 kum ciangin Kawlgam buppi hong nuaisiah uhhi.

Tua hun laitakin Zogam pen ei le ei ki-ukna India leh Kawlgam kikal-ah om hi. Zogam in Kumpi neilo-in mi khempeuh kumpi leh nautang kici hi. Ki-ukna Thukhunpi kineilo hi. Hih bangtengin gamkeek, huang-eu Mikangte in hong muh ciangun Zogam hong sim uh a, kum tampi hong sim khit 1896 ciangin Zogam hong la zo uh a, 1907 ciangin Zomite’ deihna hilo, Mikang kumpi deihna tawh ki-ukna hong bawlsakin Zomi tangpi tangta deihna donglo-a, Zomi leh Zogam uk ding Ukpi (Feudal Chief) hong guan ziau uhhi.

Tua banga hong bawlnate uh kithuak nuam tuan lo-in Kawlgam sunga om minam kimte tawh a kibangin Zomite in Mikangte ih dona tangthu ciaptehna-in Zomi Nam Ni hong piankhia ahi hi. Tua tangthu leh-et kik leng:-

1939 kum khit ciangin suahtakna ngah nanga hanciamna hong nasia semsem hi. Zomite’ khuamuhna zong hong zai semsema, Zomi Kipawlkhopna panmunlente in gamkeek Mikang kumpi’ tungah anuaia bangin nam 9 na ngen uh hi. Tuate in:-

1.  Zogam in Zanggam tawh a kibanga ki-ukna lama phattuamna angah nading.

2.  Zogam ki-ukna pen Zomite deihna tawh kizui-a Thukhunpi bawlnang.

3.    Pilna lam, cidamna lam leh sumzuak sumleinate a khantoh nanga puahphat nang.

4.    Zogam pilna sanglam aman langa puahphat nang.

5.    Suakta taka Biakna zuih theih nang.

6.    Zogam lampi kizopna amanlanga hong bawlsak nang.

7.    Zogam leh Zanggam suakta takin kikawm kizop theih nang.

8.    Zomite mimam dangte tawh liangko kikima kizop theih nang.

9.    Kawlgam in suahtakna a ngah ciangin Zogam in zong a kibanga a ngah pah nang.

ci-in thu nam 9 na ngen uh hi.

Hih atunga ngetna nam 9 te Mikang kumpi in a piak ding sangsikin, hih kipawlna a bei nang hanciam lai hi. Makai teng zong gamvai (politics) a sep nawn loh nang uh thupia zawsop hi. Ahih hangin mipi-in Mikangte’ vaihawmna a deihlohna uh nakpi takin lakkhia uh ahih manin Kanpetlet pan Mikangte taikhia uh hi.

Kawlgam in Suahtakna ih ngah cil ahi 1949 kum-a ki-at Gambup Thukhunpi tawh kizui-in Paliman (Parliament) a a dawl tungnung leh a nuainung ci-in dei nih om hi. Zomi namte adingin tua Paliman dawl nih aitang palai puak ding hong kul ta hi. Palimanah Zomi tangpi tangtate’ lungkimna tawh a kitel palai puak ding ahih hangin Minam kim Palimante- ah gamke dangte bangin Ukpite leh Khawk-ukte’ tel palai puak ding maw- cih thu kitelkhiatna hong omta hi. Tua thu siangsak dingin Zomite kimtaka thu kikupkhopna akhatveina Zomi Nambup Khawmpi (Zomi National Conference) Falam khua-ah 1948 kum Tuun kha (February) kha 12 ni pan 22 ni dong nasia takin kibawl hi. Tua khawmpi a ni nihni-in Tedim pana Pu Thang Khaw Kai in thu sunna nei hi. Tua in Suahtakna ngah ma hun lai-in Zogamah Gamkeekte’ hong nutsiat gamah hoihlo ahi hi.

Ukpite leh Khawkukte’ hong uk cipna hanga a piang mi zawng tangpi tangta’ tungah kilawm kituak lo-a siah donna, kuli vanpuate thaman pia lo-a sawlna, mizawng nautangte in khua-ul sisan luanga a thalawhsa, a sepsa tungah thuman lo-pi a laksakna, akipan a thuneihnate uh uang zatluatnate’ hangin nakpi takin gentheihna kithuak hi. Tua ahihmanin hih Ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a zung natawmin longkhia-a ei leh ei suakta taka mipi’deih ngeina tawh ki-uk na’ng cih ahi hi. Tua a thusun pen Falam khua huam Lailun khua pan palai Pu Chun mang leh Kanpetlet pan palai Pu Thang Muangte nih in thukimpih pah uhhi. Tua a thusun thukimpihna mipi vote tawh a khensak uh ciangin mipi 5000 sung pan vote sagih bek in nial-a vote 4993 in thakhat thu-in lungkimpih ahih manin kikipsak pah hi. Hih banga atamzaw thukimna tawh Ukpi ngeina a kibeisak nadingin Zomi nam khempeuh mipi’ deihna tawh ki-ukna ahi Democracy huihdam kidik kha a, khuamuhna mittang hong keuh ta hi.

Hih banga kikhopna a kibawl khit phetin thuvaihawm pawl in Ukpite a kibeisak manin liauna (compensation) dangka 500,000 piapah hi. Tua dangka pen a zaa lianpen panin a zaa neupen dong 70,000; 20,000; 5000; 1000 leh 100 cih bangin seh hawmsak uh hi. Tua pana kipanin kum tampi a kithuak ki-ukcipna, kigawtna leh Ukpite’ siahkaihna khut nuai pan kisuakta ta hi.

1.         Hih banga Falam khua-a a kibawl khawmpi in gamkeekte’ hong nutsiat gam hoihlo ahi ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a kibeisak bek tham lo-in,

Zomite’ khang tangthu sungah kithutuah diamdiama Zomi Nam Ni bawl theih denna,

2.         Mipi atamzaw deihna tawh ki-ukna ahi Democracy ngeina zatna

Suahtakna a ngah cil Kawlgam sunga teeng minam tuamtuamte tawh liangko kikim a,

3.         Kipumkhatna ngahin ih gam a kip den na’ng leh Zomite minam vai lampan deihta kipanpihna zong ahi hi.

Gamkeekte’ hong guat gamh hoihlo Ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a beina ni ciapteh nadingin Theinosih kha (February) 20 ni pen Zomi Nambup adingin ni thupi pen ni hi, cih Kawlgam sung bek thamlo leitung buppi in hong theihpih nading deihna tawh 1950 kumin Falam khua-ah Zomi Nam Ni nasia takin kibawla, tua lai-ah Kumpipa Sao Shwe Thaik leh a pawlte zong na kah uh hi. Hih bang teng ciangin “ZOMI NAMPI NI” hong piangkhia ahi hi. Zomi a kici peuhmah in hih ni thupi ni kumsimin bawl dena, a kip tawntung nadingin Zomi khempeuh ii mawhpuak ahi hi.

Note: Hih article hitaleh Innpite tangthu leh Zomi folklorete pen ka etphat kik ciang in a kaikhawm Rev Thang Siam Lian kici a, a article gelhte min om kimlo hi. Tua man in credit kipia theilo hi. 

Written by Tg Vungh Za Pau

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Zomi nampi ni (3/4)

Zomi Nampi ni

By.Pu Chin Sian Thang 

Zomi nampi ni, akici kammal khempeuh in bang gam bang gam ah ahizongin, kua mi nam kua mi namte kiangah ahizongin, gambuppi’ vai thupi khat, tangtut ni, gualzawh ni ki-ciaptehna ni hi kim hi. Tua ahihmah bangin, Zomi Nam Ni i cih in zong, Zomi buppi’ suahtakni, Zomigam kiukna i kheel zawh ni, Zomi buppi’n democracy i ngah ni, cihnopna hi.

Zomi Nampi Ni pen 1948 kum, February 20 ni-a piang hi. Tua ma in, i Zomigam bangci hiam cih theih huai hi. Tua hun lai-in, Zomigam ki-ukna pen bang Upadi tawh ki-uk hiam cih leh Chin Hills Regulation Act akici, British Kumpi’n 1896 kuma abawl upadi tawh ki-uk hi. Tua upadi in tu-a, i Zomigam sung teng bek hilo-in, tulaitaka Mizoram akici Lushai Hills teng, Manipur gam singtang teng, tu laitaka Nagaland akici gam teng, tu-a Sagaing Division sunga kihel Sommra Hill teng leh Mizoram taw lama Cacha-chakma gamteng uk hi.

Tua the Chin Hills Regulation Act ii deihna bulpi bang hiam cihleh feudalism akici ukpi-ngeina tawh ki-ukna hi-a, ukpi te’n amau ukna gam sung teng ah, siahtung siahphei, saliang sapa, tuktha khaltha kai hi. Hausa zong ukpi-te’n apiak peuh hausa suaka, gam bup ukna pen amasa in hausa, tua khit ciangin ukpite, vuandokte, vuandok tung ah mangpi, mangpi tungah menzi cih bangin ki-uk a tua menzi pen Zomigam ah koihlo-in Kawlgam, Magway khua ah koih hi. Tua ahih manin, hih feudalism ki-ukna Zomigam ah kiphiat hen ci-a, Magway menzi zum-a ava gen ngei Pu Suang Khaw Kam zong, tua Magway khua ah va si ngei hi. Tu-a i Zomi Nam Ni pen, 1948 kum, January 4, zingsang lam nai 4:20 hun in, gambup suahtakna i ngah khit ciangin, President masa pen ahi Sao Shwe Thaike Falam ah ong pai-in, ama om sung mah in Zomi Nam Buppi kikhopna kibawl a, tua kikhoppina ah Pu Thang Za Kai (Subidar) in, ” Ukpi ngeina bei hen, gambup suahtakna kingah khin a democracy tawh ki-uk ta ahih manin, Zomigam ah zong, democracy ngeina tawh ki-uk ni “ cih thu sung a, mipi’n thukimpih maw thukimpihlo cih thu, tu-le-ding in khentat uhi. Akikhawm mi buppi 5000 val pha sung pa’n, atamzaw thamin thukimpih in, mi 17 in thukimpih lo bek hi.

Tua ahih manin, 1948, February 20 in pen Zomi buppi gualzawh ni, Zomi buppi suahtak ni, Zomi buppi democracy ngah ni, ahih manin, ZOMI NAM NI akici hi. Lam khat ah ukpi ngeina apiangsak The Chin Hills Regulation Act asih ni ahi hi. Hi bangin mipi’ deihna tawh The Chin Hills Regulation Act kiphiat khia-a, mipi deihna democracy tawh ki-uk theihna dingin, Chin Special Division Act kibawla, tua upadi tawh i Zomigam ki-uk i hih manin, siahtung siahphei om nawnlo, tuktha khaltha om nawnlo, saliang sapa om nawnlo–in, hausa upa zong, mipi teelte bek in hausa sem thei hi. Khua nga khua guk bang kigawm in khawk khat in kiseha, tua khawk sunga hausateng in khawk-uk ding teel leuleu uhi.

Tua ahih manin, ZOMI NAM NI apian’ khit ciangin, i gam sung ki-uk dan pen, khua hausa khua-sung mipi’n teel hi; tua mipi teel hausatengin khawk-uk teel leuleu uhi.Tua khawk-uk khit ciangin, vuandok, vuandok khit ciangin mangpi, mangpi khit ciangin, menzi hi-a, tua Zomigam uk menzipa pen Magway ah om nawnlo-in, tua hun lai-a Zomigam khuapi ahi Falam ah om hi. Zomigam Zumpi pen Zangkongah kikoih hi. Hi banga mipi’ deihna tawh akiphiat lohna gam, India gam bangah tu lai taka, Manipur State sunga om, Behiangzang, Tonglawn khua cihte, tuni dongin, tua The Chin Hills Regulation Act om lai ahih manin, hausate’n akhua, atui tungah siahkai lai-a, agam leitang tungah zong tuni dong thunei lai hi. Zomigam ah Zomi Nam Ni apian’na dinga avaihawm party in KSVP akici (Khamtung Suahtak Vaihawm Pawlpi) hi-a, amakaite inMaha Thray Sithu Capt. Mang Tung Nung leh Pu Thang Khaw Kai ahi uhi.

Mi Nam Ni i gen ciangin, ani thu bek ngaihsun lo-in i mi nam zong ngaihsut ding kisam hi. TV sunga ka thugenna ah, tang tawng pek pan a, ki-pan in, Zomi i kici hi, ci zo ing. Chin kici nam min pen Mikang Kumpi ong piak hi-a, sal hihna pana kingah min hi ka ci hi, min man hilo ka ci hi. Banghang hiam cih leh ei phuah hilo, ei theihloh kal a ong kipia min ahih manin, i theihloh kal in Chin-te ci-in lai ong kigelh san san a, ahi zongin e’n phawklo-in om san san hanga, khua i phawk zawk deuh, lai i gelh theih zawk deuh ciangin, i biak Pasian bulphuh in i minam min ding Tedim gam, Khuasak khua ah 1953 kum in i phuak hi. Tua hun pen Khuasak Golden Jubilee kici-a, Pu Thuam Hang leh Pu Pau Suan te tapidaw suah zawh kum sawmnga acin kum cihna hi.

Tua khawmpi-ah, i gambupa tui-phum teng kikhopna hi-a, i minam buppi tuiphum kipawlna ding ahih manin, i lawm tuiphum dangte, Kachin, Karen cih te mah bangin ei zong minam min tamsak dingin min kiphuaka, tua lai-ah Rev. Sang Fen in ” Mun khempeuh ah Zo cih kammal om kawikawi hi; Tedim ah om hi, Falam ah om hi, Halkha ah om hi; Matupi, Kanpetlet, Mindat leh Paletwa te ah zong om hi, Asho zong Zo cihna mah hi; tua tham lo-in Yaw cih zong Zo cihna mah hi; tua ahih manin i minam min dingin ZOMI ci ni; i kipawlna pen ZOMI BAPTIST CONVENTION ci ni,” ci-in thusunga, anial om loin avekpi thukim in kikipsak hi: kikipsak bek hilo-in, tua hun laitaka BBC, GS asem Dr. Sowards in hih ZOMI min pen i biak Pasian tungah, akiptawntungna ding, Pasian in azat min ahih na ding apna thu ongngetsak in, thupha ong piaksak hi.

Ei minam min ding a i biak Pasian tunga ki-ap min dang om lo hi; tua ahih mah bangin, ZOMI min tawh nasepna khempeuh Pasian in ong ompih hi. Tua ahih main, i minam ni zong ZOMI NATIONAL DAY cih ding hi zaw hi.

Hih ZOMI NAM NI (ZOMI NATIONAL DAY) pen amasa in, Pu Zahre Lian in ama suah ni tawh laih nuam a, laihzo lo hi. General Ne Win in zong Pyine (_ynfe,f) lakni tawh laih nuam a, mipi’n saangzo lo hi; tu’n zong SPDC in Pyine (_ynfe,f) Ni ding mah in, hih den a, ahih hang mipi’n saangzo lo hi hang. Bang hang hiam cih leh ZOMI cih min pen akip, akho dinga Pasian tunga i ap sa min, eima phauhsa min ahih hang hi.

Upate’n,

“ La in ah thu hi: thu in ah la hi,” acih mah bangin atunga i thugenteng la-in sa ni:

(a) February kha ni sawmnih ni, ZOMI NAM NI aw, ni lunmang ni , ni neelkaai ni aw ee.
(b) Ni lunmang ni , ni neelkaai ni aw, nunnop lamtaang i kaihni aw ee.
(a) Lia-le taang tem bang kitawi un, ZOMI NAM NI lam bang pak le’ng, lam bang pak le’ng ee.
(b) ZOMI NAM NI lam bang pak le’ng, Zomi buppi’ angtan’na hi-a, bang i thasial na diam lawm aw, na diam lawm ee.

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Zomi nampi ni (1/4)

Hun paisa khempeuhah Zomi Nam Ni i zat ciangin Zomi Nam Ni tangthu, ci-in 1948, February 19-22 kikal sunga Falama kibawl Chin Hills or Chin Special Division Conference (a tomin Falam khawmpi) thu gen denin, Zomi Nam Ni pen Falam khawmpi’ anniversary danin kituat kha den hi. Tua banah Falam khawmpi-ah bang kihih cih zong a theitel kitam loin, Ukpite leh Chin Hills Regulation phiatna ding beka a kibawl kisa lai hi. Ukpite leh Chin Hills Regulation phiatna pen lawhcinna ahih keileh democaracy ngahna sa in, tua phawkdenna dinga Zomi Nam Ni a kibawlbawl kisa hi. Tua ahih manin Zomi Nam Ni tangthu pen India lama omte lakah tu tanin thupisakna taktak a om zo kei tam, ka ci nuam hi. Tu tanin Manipur ah hausa kibeisak nai lo, Mizoram ah Chin Hills Regulation kiphiat nai lo hi, hi mahleh democracy gam hi zawsop hi.

Falam khawmpi a kibawlna pen a thu bulpi nam thum hi. Khatna-ah, Independence ngah lopna hi. Burma President, Sao Swe Taik in zong a uapna hih hang hi. Nihna-ah, Chin Hills kivaipuak thakdan ding a geel dinga kibawl, Chin Hills Inquiry Commission in mipi ngaihdan a lakna hi. Thumna-ah Burma Parliament Upper House-ah Chin Hills adingin seat guk kiseh hi. Hih seat guk pen a cilin ukpite tanvo dingin kituat hi. Chin Hills-ah ukpi leh hausa tampi om ahih manin a kua pen in tang ding cih buaina om masa hi. A nung ciangin mipite mahmah in teel ding, cih thu kituh piang leuleu hi. Hih thu khensatna ding a bulpi khat ahi hi. Tua hi napi, khawmpi-ah lamet zah sangin thu khauh in, a tawpah ukpite phiatna tanin thupukna tung hi. Tua ciang, Falam khawmpi-ah mi 5000 paikhawm ci-in kigen zel hi. A taktakin khawmpi pen Town Hall-ah kizang hi a, “mi 500 kaan pha lo ding hi, ukpite phiat ni bangin a nuaktai tam ahih manin nitaak ann bang val zihziah” ci-in tua lai-a ann huana tanu a seem khat in hong hilh hi.

Zomi Nam Ni hong kipatna taktak pen Zo Zum i kicih Chin Affairs Council (Chin Hills Parliament Member teng) in 1950, October 9 ni-a Zomi Nam Ni neih ding thupukna a bawl uh pan hizaw a, 1951, February 20 ni-in Mindat ah Zomi Nam Ni khatveina bawl pah uh hi. Chin Affairs Council deihna bulpi in – Zomite pen India, Burma leh Bangladesh sungah i om hang minam tuam i hihna leh gam tuam nei i hihna bei ahih pah lohna, gam thumah kikhen mah leng minam khat i hihna i kimanggilh lohna ding leh gam tuam minam tuam i hihna i kepcin den ding, cih teng hi. A ni dinga February 20 ni a teelna uh pen 1948, Febuary 20 ni-a Falam khawmpi in Chin Hills maban kalsuandan ding tawh kisai khensatna ahih keileh suahtakna vai tawh kisaia a kisampi teng a zawh siang theih ni ahih man hi. Ukpite leh Chin Hills Regulation a phiat ni ahih man hizaw loin vai haksapi teng a kisiansak theih ni ahih man hi.

Tua ahih manin ‘Zomi Nam Ni’ ahih keileh ‘Zomi National Day’ tawh kisai-ah a thupi pen ‘Nam or Minam or Minampi’ ahih keileh ‘National’ cih thumal ahi hi. Burma kumpi in Zomi Nam Ni i neih a zakdahnapi pen leh hong dal denna bulpi pen a ‘Zomi (Chin)’ hiam, a ‘Ni’ hiam hi loin a ‘National’ cih thumal hang ahi hi. Burma ah Zomite leh Kawlte cihloh National Day a nei namdang omlo hi. Tua ahih manin Zomi Nam Ni hihna taktak i telna dingin ‘Minam’ cih khiatna ahih keileh gam tuam leh minam tuam i hihna i tel masak ding kisam hi.

Zomite in Kalay-Kabaw zanggamah gal i lelh manin AD 1400 ki-im pan Zogam i cih khamtung gam kizuan hi. Gam hawm leh keendang lak ahih mah bangin suakta takin ki-om to a, kuama uk loin gam tuam minam tuam khatin British hong khan dong kiding hi.

British ten 1760 kum panin tulai taka Bangladesh kici gama Zomite tenna sung tungin Zogam keek hong pan uh a, 1891 kum teh Zogam buppi a khut nuai uah tum hi. British ten Zogam pen Burma Province, Assam Province (India) leh Bengal Province (Bangladesh) ah hong khenkham mahleh, gam tuam minam tuam i hihna hong kepcinsak den veve hi. Bengal Province-ah ‘The Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation, 1900’ dan zatna, ‘Chittagong Hill Tracts’ sungah, Tripura-ah ‘Hill Tripperah’ sungah leh Manipur-ah ‘Hill Areas’ sungah cih bangin hong dei tuamin, Political Agent in hong vaan hi.

Chin Hills leh Lushai Hills zong gam tuam a hihna tawh Foreign Department khut sungah hong koih in, 'Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1890' dan tawh hong uk a, 1895 kum pan 'Sched­uled District Act, 1874' zatna huam sungah hong koih tuam lai hi. 'Scheduled District' (Tribal Area) pen British in gamdang a ukzia ngeina tawh a uk, India leh Burma gam khawnga kizang dante zat lohna ding bial (gam), cihna hi. (To remove the area from operation of general law applied in India and Burma). Tual sung kivaipuakna dingin Chin Hills Regulation, 1896 (Chin Hills Regulation Act hi lo) hong bawlsak lai uh a, hih pen Chin Hills-ah 1897 kum pan, Luhsai Hills-ah 1911 kum pan kizang hi.

1875 kum pana Luhsai Hills tawh a kisu kha ‘Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873 (Regulation V of 1873)’ dan pen 1925 kuma a kipuahphat (amended) teh Lushai Hills adingin hoih seem hi. Hun paisa-ah phalna lo tawh Lushai Hills mite Vai gamah a lut ding dalna-a kizang hih dan pen kilumlet in, phalna lo tawh Lushai Hills-ah Vaite a lut ding dalna-in hong kileh zat kik ta hi. 'Inner Line Regulation 1873' zong a kici hih dan pen tu dong kizang sual lai a, Inner Line Permit (ILP) nei loin zanggam mite (Vaite) Mizoramah lut phal hi lo hi. British kumpi in hih banga kep tuamna hong neih mai bek hi loin, 1892 kumin Calcutta-ah 'Chin-Lushai Conference' bawlin Zogam leitang teng gawmkhawm kikna ding vaihawm lai uh hi. Ahi zongin, 1895 kuma Bengal Province pana kisai South Lushai Hills leh Assam Province pana kisai North Lushai Hills gawmin Assam Province Governor khut sungah a kikoih cihloh a dang teng dinkhawl suak hi.

Simon Commission deihna tawh kituaka 1935 kuma Government of India Act leh Government of Burma Act a kibawl teh British kumpi in Zogam (a diakin Lushai Hills leh Chin Hills) a kep tuamna kipsak seem hi. Tua-ah Tribal Area-te (Sched­uled Area or Frontier Area) khualna kiciansak mahmah hi. Section 311, Clause (1)-ah – “Tribal mite pen India gamgi dung depa omte hiam, Baluchistan gama omte hiam hi uh a; tuate gam pen British India hiam, British Burma hiam ii gambeu khat hi lo a, Indian state zong hi lo a, gamdang khat peuh’ gam hi tuan lo hi, ci hi.” (‘Tribal Areas’ means the areas along the frontiers of India or in Baluchistan which are not part of British India or of Burma or of any Indian States or of any foreign States). Section 91-na siksana British kumpipa King George VI in 1936, March 3 ni-in 'Excluded Order' a bawlah, Excluded Area-te pen British India gam sungah kihel lo a hihna, kician takin gen hi. (Tribal Areas were excluded from the scope of British India). Section 91/92 siksanin “India leh Burma gama kizang dan peuhmah Tribal Area-ah a guideline kaana zat thei hi lo ding hi,” ci lai hi.

India lam tawh a kibang lianin, Government of Burma Act, 1935, Second Schedule – Part One-ah Excluded Area huam khak teng kician takin gen a, tua sungah Chin Hills-a kipan Zomite tenna teng phial kihel hi. Tua ahih manin Zogam pen Chin, Kachin leh Shan gam teng ukna dinga a kibawl Department of Frontier Areas Administration (FAA) tungtawnin Governor in direct-in uk a, Burma Legislative Council (Ministerial Burma) tawh kisai kha ngei lo hi.

Hih bang teng i dinmun a hihna leh gam tuam minam tuam i hihna tawh kizui-in, India independence vai sai lai-in Lushai Hills pen independent hiam, India tawh kipawl hiam, Burma tawh kipawl hiam, khat peuhpeuh deihteel thei ding dinmunah ding hi napi, Galpi Nihna hun laia 'Atlantic Charter' tawh kizuia Lushai Hills Superintendent, Maj. A.G. McCall in “British nong panpih uh a, gualzawhna i tanleh gal ven khit pan na gam uh maban ding pen nomau khutah kikoih ding hi” (Your destiny is at your own hand) a cih zong zang phatuam thei loin, politics lama khawmuhna niam man leh makaite kithutuah loh man tawh thukimna kician om lopi-in Khawtinkhuma leh Ch Saprawnga-te thu tawh Lushai Hills pen India nuaiah lut hi. 1966, March 1 ni-in Laldenga makaihna tawh Mizo National Front in independence phu kik mahleh pang suak zo loin kum sawmnih khit, 1986 kumin India nuai mahah lut kik hi. Tun 2007 kuma UNO in a puan 'United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples' tungtawnin Zogam tun kik theihna ding lampi a om diam, cih pen Zo Reunification Organisation (ZORO) in a kingakna neihsun hi phot ta hi.

Burma independence vai sai lai-in Chin Hills pen deih teel thei dinmunah ding ahih mah bangin Kachin gam leh Shan gam tawh kipawlin mala uh a, British khut nuai pan suahtak ding ut luatna leh Kawl makaipi Aung San muanna tawh 1947, February 12 ni-in Shan gam, Panglong khua-ah Chin Hills tangin ukpite ahi, Pu Thawng Za Khup (Saizang), Pu Hlur Hmung (Falam) leh Pu Kio Mang (Hakha) ten Burma tawh suahtakna lakhawm ding leh kum sawm sung kipawlkhawm (Union) phot ding, cih deih teelna tawh thukimna suai kai uh hi. Burma nuai-ah lutna hiam, om suakna ding hiama suaikai hi lo uh hi. British ten hong khual mahmah uh ahih manin Panglong thukimna bek tawh hun sa lo ahih keileh ukpite ngaihdan a theih khit uh teh, Burma tawh kipawl ding tawh kisaia mi tamzaw ngaihdan lakna Frontier Areas Committee of Inquiry makaihna tawh 1947, April kha sungin Maymyo (Pyin Oo Lwin) ah bawl lai uh a, tua panin Burma tawh kipawl ding kikipsak pan hi.

Hih bangin Lushai Hills pen India nuai-ah a lut zawh leh Chin Hills pen Burma tawh a kipawl zawh kum 60 val khin ta mahleh gam tuam minam tuam i hihna a vaang bei thei nai tuan lo hi. Tu tanin India-a state tuamtuam 28 lakah Mizoram in deihsak tuamna (special status) ngah lai-in, 'Inner Line Regulation 1873' leh Chin Hills Regulation’ zong khahsuah loin om lai hi. Chin State in zong deihsak tuamna ngah to lai a, Myanmar Constitution 2008 dungzui-in zong State leh Region liante dinmun tawh a kikim State hihna leh Council of Ministers neih zah mah a neih banah, Chin State pualam Sagaing Region, Magwe Region leh Rakhine State-te ah Chin Affairs Minister khat tek hong koihsak lai hi.

Manipur ah zong i deih zah hi kei mahleh, British hun pan tu dong kep tuamna kingah toto in, ‘The Manipur State Hill Peoples (Admin­istration) Regulation 1947’, ‘The Manipur (Village Authorities in Hill Areas) Act 1956’, ‘The Manipur (Hill Areas) District Coun­cils Act 1971’ cih dante in a tuam i hihna hong kilangsak mahmah hi. Tu ciangin Manipur banah Assam mun pawl khat leh Tripura-a om i minampih teng pen Autonomous District Council tawh, Bangladesh gama omte zong Chittagong Hill Tarcts Regional Council tawh cih bangin kivaipuakin om ciat sam uh hi.

Tua hi a, Zomi Nam Ni’ tup leh ngim taktak pen i gam leh i minam i kepcin suak theihna ding, Zo suan teng minam khat hi hang cih i pom theih ciatna ding, minampi (nation) khata i kilomkhawm theihna ding leh minam thupi khat leh gam thupi khat i phuhkhop theihna ding, cih teng hi diak hi.  Tua ahih manin, minampi khatin bangci kilomkhawm ding i hi hiam cih pen i awlmawhpi ding hi ta hi.

Tua dingin kei muhna ah a min (minam min) thupi mahmah mahleh a masa pen lo hi. Tu dinmunah politically-in Mizo a pom teng Mizo, Kuki a pom teng Kuki, Zomi a pom teng Zomi, Chin a pom teng Chin cih dana a pai hang, Sociologically-in Chin, Zomi, Kuki leh Mizo cihte pen i minam bup genna hi khin veve hi. A taktakin minam bup min nei nailo hi hang. Zo suan teng pen minam khat hi hang, cih i kipomtuah ding kisam masa pen ka sa hi.

Tua banah lai khat i neih mengmeng ding poimawh ka sa mahmah hi. Tua dingin ei sunga mi tam pen zat leh a khangto pen ahi Mizo lai zang khawm thei tek leng i vai tampi tak hong dawn ding hi, cih maizum loin takin ka pulak nuam hi. I pau i hamte nusia-in Mizo kam bek zang ciat ni, ka cihna hi loin primary school level ciangah Mizo lai pen subject khatin tawi tek leng ka cihna hi lel hi.

A tawpna-ah, i minam hong makaite pen Nationalist a hih uh kul a, tuni-a hih taka hong paikhawm makai teng pen nationalist hi-in i kithei hiam, nationalist hi-in kithei i hihleh i thu buaipihte Nation or National issue a cing hiam? cih i suut ding kul ta hi. Nation politics lo buang politics picing om lo hi. Hih leitungah a suakta gam leh a khawsuak minam phuh zaha a haksa leh a thupi nasep dang om lo hi.

“Zomi Nationalism khangto semsem hen la, Zogam leh Zomi minam kip tawntung hen”

Behlap: Zomi a pom teng Minam (Nation) khat hi ding hi hang, i cihleh a vai tuam ding, Zosuan teng minam khat hi hang, i cihleh a vai tuam ding hi.

[Hih thu/paper pen ZEPADA, Delhi Working Group makaihna tawh Feb. 20, 2012 ni-a Mizoram House, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi-a kibawlObservance of 64th Zomi Nam Ni and Consultative Meeting-a kisimkhia ahi hi].

By: J. Thang Lian Pau

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Ist World Zomi Convention,1988

DOCUMENTS
Ist World Zomi Convention,1988

DATED AIZAWL THE 30TH OCTOBER 1988 FIRST WORLD ZOMI CONVENTION Venue : Champhai: Mizoram MAY 19 – 21, 1988 DECLARATION “We, the people of Zo ethnic group, Inhabitants of the highlands in The Chin Hills and Arakans of Burma, The Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, The Mizoram State and adjoining hill areas of India Are descendants of one ancestor. Our language, our culture and tradition, And no, less our social and customary practices Are clear evidences of the ethnological facts. Further, our historical records, And footprints both written and unwritten In the sands of time testify To the truth of our common ancestry. “Much against the interest for preservation, Consolidation and promotion of our ethnic identity, The British colonial rulers after subjugating us During the later part of the 19th century, Exercised the imperialistic policy Of ‘Divide and Rule’. As a result, our ancestral homeland was divided, So were members of the Zo community distributed Like cattle sold and separated. “Adding grave insult to injury, The emergence of the sovereign state Of India, Burma and Pakistan in 1940s Had the administrative fragmentations aggravated And gave birth to deeper agonies of separation For the constitutional laws of respective countries Divided Zo ethnic origin into different nationalities. “For better part of the century, Largely because of our limited outlook Both in terms historical and political, The gravity of our uncertain situation And the danger for our ethnological demise Received no meaningful political response. The genocidal threat of neo-colonialism Against our Zo ethnic survival Still remain ever unredeemed. “Now with political consciousness gaining momentum, And the spirit of nationalism quickening us Come fuller realization of our human rights And of our political prerogatives We cannot but feel burdened With the paramount importance of Zo Reunification For preservation and existence of Zo ethnic identity. “Re-asserting, therefore, our faith and confidence In the code of comity of Nation For redeeming injustices done to Zo ethnic origin, We, the delegates to the First World Zo Convention of Zo Reunification Ethnically enshrined on this day Twentieth Day of the Month of May In the year of our Lord Nineteen Eighty-Eight Upon the alter of Zo Reunification As under: CHARTER OF AGREEMENT I“We solemnly affirm the truth That members of Zo ethnic origin Now living in Burma, India and Bangladesh Are a people of common ancestry Speaking a common language, Blessed with common social, Cultural and religious background, And destined to common political fate and destiny. IIWe sincerely pledge and affirm Solidarity and integration to take on A just struggle for Zo Re-Unification Under one Administrative umbrella In conformity with the resolution of the Chin-Lushai Conference Held at Ford William, Calcutta On January 29, 1892. IIIWe firmly hold the universal truth That our political aspirations for Zo Reunification Regardless of international boundary constraints Are the inalienable rights of all Zo ethnic origin, Further, we solemnly acknowledge the claim For Zo Re-unification to be wholly legitimate. IV“We firmly adopt the principle of non-violence For attaining the Zo Re unification. V“We sincerely appeal to the consciences Of all heads of States and Governments Under whom Zo Communities are citizens respectively To recognize and acknowledge The rightful claim for Zo Reunification. Further, we appeal to one and all Believing in the Universal Human Rights To lend support to the just struggle For Zo Reunification At all levels and at different stages.” ORGANISATION In order to promote the just struggle For Zo Re-unification – I“We solemnly affirm and resolve That a loose political forum Called the “ZO RE-UNIFICATION ORGANISATION” be formed. (And is hereby formed) Further, we resolve that Zo re-unification Organisation (ZORO) Be a forum covering all political parties And Individuals – (i) Acknowledging the rightful claim For Zo Re-unification; (ii) Accepting the paramount importance Of Zo Re-unification Above and beyond party politics, and (iii) Willing to subscribe the ideas and views As may develop time to time Through the forum of ZORO. II“WE affirm and resolve that (i) ZORO as a forum shall not interfere In any local political programmes and activities Of any constituent political party; (ii) No constituent political unit of ZORO In absence of consultation with ZORO Shall organize any local political party activities As may adversely affect the objectives of ZORO; (iii) Any of the political parties Involving and participating in ZORO Shall enjoy the privilege of exercising certain discretions As to form frontal organizations Within the respective party concerned Primarily for promotion of the just struggle For Zo Reunification, and (iv) ZORO, as a forum, shall normally finalise Important policy decisions In matters related directly or indirectly To the just struggle for Zo Re-unification. “WE, the Undersigned, For and on behalf of Zo people, Living and children yet to be born, Look to God in prayer, And seal this document with our signatures. LONG LIVE ZO RE-UNIFICATION.” SIGNED BY 40 DELEGATES REPRESENTING DIFFERENT ORGANISATIONS. AND NINETY EIGHT OTHERS. (Source: True Copy)

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Zomi in world war - 2

ZOMI IN WORLD WARS
Zomi in World War-II

The Second World War broke out in the year 1939 in Europe. Japan joined the war and formed an Axis with Germany and Italy. The British defence position in Burma was too weak to check the Japanese advance and so Japan occupied Burma very easily. In May, 1942, the Governor of Burma fled to Simla and established a Burmese government there. The Japanese forces released Vuamthumaung, an anti-British Zomi leader and some members of the Chin Independence Party from the Katha Jail. As soon as the Zomi politicians returned to the Zo country after crossing the dry zone of Burma on foot, they organized the Zomi freedom movement. In the meantime, Japan gave a nominal independence to Burma in 1943. Taking the opportunity the Zomi leaders declared the independence of the Zomi from the British and formed a government with Pu Vuamthumaung as its President.

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Zomi in world war - 1

ZOMI IN WORLD WARS
Zomi in World War-I

World War I (the Great War) broke out in 1914 with Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria fighting against England, France, Russia, America and other nations. Britain mobilized all her human resources to add strength to her fighting troops, and she recruited soldiers and non combatants from all her colonies. In 1916, about a million soldiers and half a million non combatants from British India and Burma were sent to Mesopotamia, Iran, France and Turkey. About four thousand Zo young men went to Europe. Their journey from Chittagong, Akyab and Rangoon took them to France, where they evacuated the wounded and loaded and unloaded military supplies going to the front. Each of them, except for those who died on the ship or in Europe, brought enough money home to pay for any bride they chose to marry. The experiences of those who went to Europe were not easily forgotten and in some cases changed beliefs. They were impressed by the war machinery of the Europeans, as the planes, ships and guns were immense developments for the boys from Zo country. They also had endless tales of their adventures and experiences with the French women of the night. Before the Zo young men left for Europe, they had been certain that the sun rose out of the mountain ranges, but when they returned, they were convinced that the sun rose from the ocean. The British demanded a fixed number of young able-bodied men from every clan and village for the French labour camps, and various Naga, Lusei and others joined the force in 1916. During the 1st World War, 2100 young men from Lushai Hills District, 2,000 Nagas and Zomi from Manipur Hills, and 3000 Zomi from the Chin Hills went to France voluntarily as the Allied Labour Corps. But in 1917, more men were demanded, one thousand men from each of the administrative subdivisions of Falam, Haka and Tedim. The Zo people, who had never left their country, feared that their youths would never come back, as was the case with some who had gone earlier. Moreover, the British still resented the collection of arms and slaves by the British.

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